Understanding Bow Legs (Genu Varum)

Bow legs is a structural deformity where the knees remain apart when standing with the ankles together. This is a fixed bone alignment problem affecting the tibia and/or femur.

Why Surgery Is the Definitive Solution

In adults, bone growth is complete, and bow legs will not self-correct. Surgical realignment restores proper biomechanics and prevents further joint damage.

High Tibial Osteotomy (HTO)

The most common corrective surgery for bow legs is High Tibial Osteotomy. This procedure repositions the tibia to shift the weight-bearing axis and offload the medial compartment.

Bow Leg

See how bow legs correction improves alignment through X-rays and diagrams.

Immediate Mechanical Effect

• Medial compartment pressure decreases.
• Lateral compartment load is balanced.
• Joint contact forces become symmetrical.
• Knee stability and walking mechanics improve.

Understanding Knock Knees (Genu Valgum)

Knock knees is a structural alignment deformity where the knees angle inward while the ankles remain apart. This condition is caused by abnormal bone alignment — most commonly originating from the distal femur.

Why Surgery Is the Definitive Solution

In adults, bone growth is complete and the deformity does not self-correct. Because the problem is structural, the only definitive correction is surgical realignment.

Distal Femoral Osteotomy (DFO)

The most common joint-preserving surgery for adult valgus deformity is Distal Femoral Osteotomy. This procedure precisely corrects the bone angle responsible for the deformity.

Knock Knees

Knee alignment generally falls into three main types: varus, normal, and valgus, each affecting e how forces are distributed through the joint. Varus alignment creates a bow-legged position where the knees angle outward, increasing pressure on the outer portion of the knee. Normal alignment keeps the leg straight, allowing even weight distribution and optimal joint function. Valgus alignment, often called knock-knees, causes the knees to angle inward and shifts stress to the inner knee structures. These alignment differences, measured in degrees, can influence movement efficiency and the risk of discomfort or injury over time. less

Immediate Mechanical Effect

• The weight-bearing line shifts toward the knee center.
• Lateral compartment pressure decreases.
• Joint forces redistribute more evenly.
• Coronal plane stability improves.

Understanding Physiotherapy

Physiotherapy, also called physical therapy, is a healthcare profession focused on helping people improve movement, manage pain, and recover from injuries or illnesses. It combines exercise, manual therapy, education, and technology to restore function and prevent further problems.